2009年7月10日 星期五
2009年4月26日 星期日
2009年3月27日 星期五
2009年2月24日 星期二
2009年2月12日 星期四
歐巴馬就任首次記者會之一,說明經濟振興計劃
Before I take your questions tonight, I'd like to speak briefly about the state of our economy and why I believe we need to put this recovery plan in motion as soon as possible.
今天晚上在我回答你們的問題之前,我想簡單地談談國內的經濟狀況,以及為何我認為我們需要盡快將恢復經濟行動計劃付諸行動。
I took a trip to Elkhart, Ind., today. Elkhart is a place that has lost jobs faster than anywhere else in America. In one year, the unemployment rate went from 4.7 percent to 15.3 percent. Companies that have sustained this community for years are shedding jobs at an alarming speed, and the people who've lost them have no idea what to do or who to turn to. They can't pay their bills, and they've stopped spending money. And because they've stopped spending money, more businesses have been forced to lay off more workers. In fact, local TV stations have started running public service announcements that tell people where to find food banks, even as the food banks don't have enough to meet the demand.
我今天去一趟印地安納州艾克哈特。艾克哈特是一個發生失業比美國任何其他地方更快的地區。在一年,失業率從4.7%上升至15.3%。多年來維持此地的公司,正以驚人的速度減少工作減少職位,而已經失業的人們也不知道該怎樣做或找誰求助。他們無法支付帳單,已經不再花錢。因為他們已經不再花錢,更多的企業被迫裁掉更多工人。事實上,當地電視台已開始進行公眾服務通知,告訴人們在何處找到食物銀行,僅管食物銀行已無法足夠地應付需求。
As we speak, similar scenes are playing out in cities and towns across America. Last Monday, more than a thousand men and women stood in line for 35 firefighter jobs in Miami. Last month, our economy lost 598,000 jobs, which is nearly the equivalent of losing every single job in the state of Maine. And if there's anyone out there who still doesn't believe this constitutes a full-blown crisis, I suggest speaking to one of the millions of Americans whose lives have been turned upside down because they don't know where their next paycheck is coming from.
如我們所言,類似的情景在全美國各地的城市和城鎮發失著。上星期在邁阿密有一千多名男子和婦女排隊應徵35名消防隊工作。上個月,我們的經濟狀況造成598,000工作減少。此相等於緬因州的失業人數。如果有任何人,仍然不認為這是一個全面危機,我建議他與這些數以百萬計因失業生活受到了天翻地覆改變的人們談一談,因為他們不知道下一張薪水支票來自何方?
And that is why the single most important part of this economic Recovery and Reinvestment Plan is the fact that it will save or create up to 4 million jobs — because that's what America needs most right now.
為何經濟振興方案最重要的部分,是該方案將保有或創造多達400萬工作機會,就是基於此一事實,因為這是美國現在最需要的。
It is absolutely true that we can't depend on government alone to create jobs or economic growth. That is and must be the role of the private sector. But at this particular moment, with the private sector so weakened by this recession, the federal government is the only entity left with the resources to jolt our economy back into life. It is only government that can break the vicious cycle where lost jobs lead to people spending less money, which leads to even more layoffs. And breaking that cycle is exactly what the plan that's moving through Congress is designed to do.
我們不能單靠政府創造就業機會或追求經濟增長,這是絕對正確。這必須靠私人企業起作用。但在這一特殊時刻,私人企業因為景氣被削弱了,聯邦政府是唯一的實體,還有資源足以撼動經濟的頹勢讓經濟重新融入生活。只是政府可以打破失業導致人們花錢少,從而導致更多裁員的惡性循環。而且打破這一循環,正是那要被國會通過的方案,原先就被設計來達成的目標。
When passed, this plan will ensure that Americans who have lost their jobs through no fault of their own can receive greater unemployment benefits and continue their health care coverage. We'll also provide a $2,500 tax credit to folks who are struggling to pay the costs of their college tuition, and $1,000 worth of badly needed tax relief to working and middle class families. These steps will put more money in the pockets of those Americans who are most likely to spend it, and that will help break the cycle and get our economy moving.
這項方案獲得通過後,將確保那些並非因自己過錯而已經失去了工作的美國人,可以得到更多的失業福利和繼續獲得保健保護。我們還提供了2,500元稅收抵免,給那些為支付大學學費用掙扎的人們。和$1,000元的抵免給急需減稅的工作和中產階級家庭。這些步驟將使更多的錢放在那些最可能花費錢的美國人口袋裡,此將協助打破景氣循環並讓我們的經濟的以前進。
But as we've learned very clearly and conclusively over the last eight years, tax cuts alone can't solve all of our economic problems — especially tax cuts that are targeted to the wealthiest few Americans. We have tried that strategy time and time again, and it's only helped lead us to the crisis we face right now.
但我們已在過去八年中清礎地且明確地學到,減稅無法單獨地解決我們的經濟問題,特別是僅度少數的美國富豪減稅。我們已不斷地試了又試,結果就是將我們帶到面對現在的危機。
And that's why we have come together around a plan that combines hundreds of billions in tax cuts for the middle class with direct investment in areas like health care, energy, education and infrastructure — investments that will save jobs, create new jobs and new businesses, and help our economy grow again, now and in the future.
因此,我們起了一個全面性計劃,結合幾千億元對中產階級減稅,以及例如保健、能源、教育和基礎設施的直接投資,這些投資,將保有職位,創造新就業機會和新的商機,並有助於我們的經濟於現在和未來再次增長。
More than 90 percent of the jobs created by this plan will be in the private sector. They're not going to be make-work jobs, but jobs doing the work that America desperately needs done, jobs rebuilding our crumbling roads and bridges, repairing our dangerously deficient dams and levees so that we don't face another Katrina. They'll be jobs building the wind turbines and solar panels and fuel-efficient cars that will lower our dependence on foreign oil, and modernizing our costly health care system that will save us billions of dollars and countless lives.
這項計劃所創造出的職位,超過90%將會在私人企業。這計劃並不是要為有工作職位而設職位,這些工作職位是為美國迫切需要做的工作而設的,這些工作重建我們毀壞的道路和橋梁,修理我們十分危險地有缺陷的水壩和堤壩;所以卡翠娜颶風的悲劇不會重演。這計劃也會有一些建設風力渦輪發電機和太陽能板以及低油耗汽車的職位,將會降低我們對外國石油的依賴,並使昂貴的醫療系統現代化以幫助我們省下數十億元及救回無數的生命。
They'll be jobs creating the 21st century classrooms, libraries and labs for millions of children across America. And they'll be the jobs of firefighters and teachers and police officers that would otherwise be eliminated if we do not provide states with some relief.
這計劃也會有一些職位為全美數以百萬計的學童創建21世紀課室、圖書館和實驗室。也會有職位是消防人員和教師和警察人員,如果我們不向各州提供一些補助的話這些職位將會被取消,。
After many weeks of debate and discussion, the plan that ultimately emerges from Congress must be big enough and bold enough to meet the size of the economic challenges that we face right now. It's a plan that is already supported by businesses representing almost every industry in America; by both the Chamber of Commerce and the AFL-CIO. It contains input, ideas and compromises from both Democrats and Republicans. It also contains an unprecedented level of transparency and accountability, so that every American will be able to go online and see where and how we're spending every dime. What it does not contain, however, is a single pet project, not a single earmark, and it has been stripped of the projects members of both parties found most objectionable.
經過許多個星期的辯論和討論,國會最終形成的這項計劃必須夠大、且夠大膽,達到足以面對我們現在所面臨的經濟挑戰。這是一個受到代表幾乎遍布全美各行各業的企業家支持,獲得了美國商會、美國勞工聯合會-產業工會聯合會的支持。它蘊含著來自民主共和兩黨的貢獻、構思和妥協。它還包含一個前所未有的透明度和清楚說明,因此每一個美國人能夠上網,看到每一毛錢花在哪裡和如何開支。但它不包含獨厚單一項目,不專對某項指定的用途,而這同時令兩黨專案成員反感的部分已被從中剝離。
Now, despite all of this, the plan is not perfect. No plan is. I can't tell you for sure that everything in this plan will work exactly as we hope, but I can tell you with complete confidence that a failure to act will only deepen this crisis as well as the pain felt by millions of Americans. My administration inherited a deficit of over $1 trillion, but because we also inherited the most profound economic emergency since the Great Depression, doing a little or nothing at all will result in even greater deficits, even greater job loss, even greater loss of income, and even greater loss of confidence. Those are deficits that could turn a crisis into a catastrophe. And I refuse to let that happen. As long as I hold this office, I will do whatever it takes to put this economy back on track and put this country back to work.
儘管如此,現在這個計畫是不完美的,也沒有計劃是完美的。我不能向你保證,這個計畫裏的每一部分都會如我們所願地發展,但我可以相當肯定地告訴你,要是我們不採取行動,就只會令我們的危機加劇、令數百萬國民所感受到的痛苦加深。現在,我的管理團隊接手了超過一兆美元的財政赤字,然而,由於我們還接手了大蕭條以來最為嚴重的一次經濟危機,要是我們不作為或者僅稍加作為,那我們只會得到更龐大的赤字、更多的失業和收入損失,甚至是更嚴重的信心打擊。
I want to thank the members of Congress who've worked so hard to move this plan forward. But I also want to urge all members of Congress to act without delay in the coming week to resolve their differences and pass this plan.
我想感謝那些為推動這項計劃付出努力的國會議員。但我還要促請所有國會議員立即採取行動,在這周內解決分歧和通過這項計劃。
We find ourselves in a rare moment where the citizens of our country and all countries are watching and waiting for us to lead. It's a responsibility that this generation did not ask for, but one that we must accept for the future and our children and our grandchildren. And the strongest democracies flourish from frequent and lively debate, but they endure when people of every background and belief find a way to set aside smaller differences in service of a greater purpose.
我們明白正處在一個多年不遇的時刻,美國以及各國人民都盼望著我們帶頭行動。為了我們子孫後代的未來,我們這一代人必須承擔起這個不請自來的責任。最堅定的民主往往興盛於頻繁活躍的辯論中,但它們只在擁有各樣背景和信仰的人們為一個遠大的目標而放下微小歧見時才能真正持久。
That's the test facing the United States of America in this winter of our hardship. And it is our duty as leaders and citizens to stay true to that purpose in the weeks and months ahead. After a day of speaking with and listening to the fundamentally decent men and women who call this nation home, I have full faith and confidence that we can do it. But we're going to have to work together. That's what I intend to promote in the weeks and days ahead.
這是美利堅合眾國在這個艱難嚴冬中要面臨的考驗,作為領袖和公民,在未來數周數月裏認清這個遠大目標是我們的責任。那些本質正直的男女同胞們,他們把這個國家視為他們的“家”;在今天傾聽了他們的想法並和他們交談過後,我充滿信心我們能夠認清這個遠大目標,不過我們必需要一起努力。而這,是我在未來幾日和數周內打算向大家強調的。
And with that, I'll take some of your questions.
就這個內容,下面我將回答部分各位的問題。
來源
就職典禮影片
2008年12月31日 星期三
2008年10月23日 星期四
2008年10月14日 星期二
貼心芬蘭系列報導
6-1 活躍老化
台灣的健保制度對病人的照顧在世界上評價很高,不過也有人認為用錯的地方。就是花大筆 經費在健康的後端---治病的部份,而不是投資在前端,也就是預防的部份。
隨著老年人口增加,再繼續投資後端,未來怎能撐下去實在是一大隱憂。
在這方面,與台灣同樣是人口快速老化的國家芬蘭,走了不一樣的路。把大量經費投資在預 防,發展出一套嘉惠所有民眾的公共運動俱樂部制度落實健康促進政策。
以老年為例,人人人都可獲得專業的運動處方,並有多樣的選擇從事運動,使得老人非常強 壯,活得安全快樂又減少別人的負擔。不但老人健康,
還帶動大學生存及運動產業發展。芬蘭中部城市佑華斯克拉(Jyv?skyl?),因為 實施這套健康促進計畫,可能已經是全歐洲強壯老人最多的城市。
接下來我們一起來看這個世界頂尖的例子,看他們的政府怎樣把錢花的更有眼光,怎樣與大 學怎樣一起合作,怎樣讓許多年近八十歲的老人也可以倒立翻觔斗,
活出不一樣的老年。
6-1 活躍老化 來自: pts
6-2樂在施予
在芬蘭中部四位老先生,年紀最大的都快要八十了,冰天雪地扛著厚重樂器,為的是到許多 地方義務演奏,帶給別人祝福。芬蘭正全面為老人建造這樣的機會,
要讓更多老人覺得,老年歲月,可以總是比想像的更有意義。他們是芬蘭退伍軍人,也許不 再強壯如昔,但找尋自己還可做的事,組成樂團。這天下午,連趕四場。
首先是一個教會餐會的老歌分享。老人不只服務老朋友,也服務小朋友,這裡有位朋友的三 歲孫女生日會,並不因為她小而覺得不算什麼。
這樣一代代長大的孩子對社會和對人的感受,以後對生活的看法可能怎樣,可想而知。
芬蘭和台灣一樣是人口老化快速的國家,因宗教背景,民間推廣服務文化不宜餘力,在老化 社會也成為生命力的來源。在鄉村,一個午後,許多老人聚集。
這種聚會在芬蘭很普遍,目的是彼此激勵,一起幫助國外需要關心的人。
在地方,由老人中心與中小學合作,讓老人發揮所長而學生也能幫助老人。這種合作不是為 了合作而合作向教育局社會局交差,也不是象徵性的聊備一格。
而是非常系統長期在各種正規課程中進行。互動可行性與樂趣遠大於預期。這些新作為幾乎 沒有多花什麼錢,但已經為一個高齡社會帶來不可限量的盼望。
把晚年大部分心思用去關心別人,讓芬蘭人老了,不管有錢沒錢,一樣生活打開眼界,感覺 到和周圍的人不論認識還是不認識,都有良好,相互信任的關係,讓生活有安全感,
也很充實。過去在台灣談討老人健康,多半聚焦在身體有沒有生理方面的疾病,例如糖尿病 高血壓之類,我們相當程度忽視心理健康。
其實老人離開職場以後,多數人感到生活無聊寂寞,其中還有些進一步就會開始懷疑繼續活 下去的價值。這些是老人生活圈不亞於高血壓糖尿病的問題,應該同步重視。
剛才從樂在施予的芬蘭文化中,我們看到願意幫助別人的傳統,讓芬蘭老人活著多一天都多 一分價值,不但讓老人充實快樂,也為下一代做了最好的棒樣。
也很重要的是,剛才的例子還可看到,這樣充實的生活和一個人有沒有很多錢,實在沒有必 然的關係,你我都可以生活在價值和盼望當中。
這部份和稍早一則健康促進計畫相比,就比較不是靠政府達成,還看我們自己的生活抉擇。
6-2 樂在施予 來自: pts
6-3 活出價值
台灣已經有兩百三十萬老人,影響的家庭人數更是不計其數。在上次我們介紹的芬蘭老人故 事,主要是讓還健康的老人及早預防失智失能。
今天我們要介紹為失能失智老人設計的照養機構以及如何培養高品質的照顧者。首先來看照 養機構的設計。談到機構設計,在台灣的慣性思維,不外乎以硬體為先,
希望看來豪華,然後讓多數老人望之興嘆,因為根本住不起。可是老人最需要的是這些嗎? 沒有很多錢註定要過悲慘的晚年,被機構照顧者只當賺錢機器嗎?
在人生最後階段平均生活兩年半的地方要怎麼讓人覺得活得快樂有尊嚴,能做真正的自己呢 ?讓我們從國家政策、機構制度與執行面來了解。
6-3 活出價值 來自: pts
6-4 助燃者
這裡是一個叫做VIVAMO的機構,是芬蘭老人學習活動開發的發源地,已經快要四十年 了。這天正進行老人靈性關懷的領導人才培訓。這是近年老人照顧領域很重視的議題。
這裡很看重運用老的生命經驗設人年輕時計活動。過去外界對芬蘭中小學教育世界頂尖比較 有印象,其實老人教材也非常精密嚴謹。芬蘭人很愛閱讀,即使對失智者也考慮到。
這是vivamo的負責人與老人公寓負責人一起開發,為失智老人讀的書,。要讓老人開 朗,得先讓老人工作者開朗。所以老師一上課先來一段。這些活動其實都是對老人身心
健康最好的預防與治療此外,年輕時積在心裡的不愉快經驗也要有吐露的機會。這個為退伍 軍人設計的聚會就有這樣的目的。把因戰爭或個人際遇造成痛苦經驗傾訴出來。
這對老人圓滿的老化非常重要。還有年輕時做過傷害別人而有罪惡感的事,也要面對,加上 鼓勵安慰,才能重新確認自己和別人是有著一樣價值的人。
有機構、有人才,加上經驗的累積,成全今日的芬蘭老人照顧品質。這又再次看到,高齡社 會的因應成敗,關鍵實在不只靠錢,也要靠想法與作法,
恐怕最深層的是,到底對人的看法是什麼。
6-4 助燃者 來自: pts
6-5 獨立自主
來到芬蘭西部小鎮尼西亞,社區健康中心居家服務護士到老人家裡訪視。這裡的社福政策認 為,維持人最大限度獨立自主生活到老是核心目標。配套措施就是把經費不要
優先用來發現金討好選民,而是投資在促進獨立自主的基礎建設,而且確保執行品質。因此 ,對慢性病老人,不等人來醫院,就定時主動列名單到府訪視做基本健康監測。
訓練嚴格,使得護士在沒有主管看到的地方,一樣落實規定。先自我消毒,該有的動作很徹 底,一樣不少。這種檢測當天下午就會打電話給老人報告檢測結果,並提出用藥
和保健的建議。精確的定期訪視和評估系統,讓老人盡量保有在喜歡熟悉的地方終老。居服 人員深深把握促進獨立自主的原則與老人互動。還有更老的,則由政府發展出
小單位住宅,這還是和去住長照機構的氣氛很不一樣,保有較多獨立自主的感受。住的是九 十幾歲的人,但絕不把他們當老糊塗。配屬綠色衣服的清潔人員,
一天七小時在這裡,包括清潔服務、讀報紙等等,紅色衣服的護士一天數次到府服務,包括 管控醫藥和臨時的服務。
同步進行的是,廣設終身學習課程,裝備壽命越來越長的老人跟上時代的基本能力。除了成 人教育中心,廣設長青學苑,地點不一定只在學校或社區,還有安養中心。
而且課程除了怡情養性。還定期請各頂尖大學的學者報告最新的科技與社會研究,讓老人跟 上時代尖端,而且做到大家聽得下去。
芬蘭人口雖然只有台灣的五分之一,絕大多數人都有生產能力和相互幫助的社會風氣。台灣 人口也快速老化,讓更多中老年人都有機會站起來,不再是別人的負擔。
這個國家也可以變得不一樣。
6-5 獨立自主 來自: pts
6-6 弱者強國
在芬蘭中部,媽媽帶著兩位小孩要搭火車,坐很久,又要照顧兩位小朋友,恐怕要累壞了。 好在芬蘭的長程火車,每班都有這種兒童樂園車廂。媽媽不只省力還省錢。
這種車廂從車門進來就看到是為兒童預備的。垃圾桶配合兒童高度,每個座位後有漫畫,有 圖書區、玩偶和溜滑梯。還有可以親子同樂的各種設施。兒童車廂還有家庭式包廂,
仔細看也是環狀設計,再次顯現希望增進人與人的關係。一家搭車,十二歲以下小孩免票。 要講手機有專門空間,以免強迫別人痛苦的聽他人的家務事。可能唯一的麻煩是,
既然要減輕父母壓力怎麼把車廂設在樓上呢?據說因為調查顯示,小朋友希望要有好的視野 。火車除了兒童車廂,殘障廁所當然也不會忘記,車廂雖有空間限制,
但還是設計得很寬敞,還有設計得想看不到都很難的對講按鈕,一切按著使用需求設計。芬 蘭重視人人價值平等,中央政府的政務委員還有專責就業平等議題的。
從不同角度控管社會必須真平等。從芬蘭經驗來看,其實追求弱視者的平等遠不只無障礙空 間而已。還可讓他們得到更多歡樂,和你我一樣探索享受世界的美好。
有人說看一個國家是不是真正的強國,還看它如何對待弱者,由此來看,芬蘭,正是弱者的 強國。
6-6 弱者強國 來自: pts
台灣的健保制度對病人的照顧在世界上評價很高,不過也有人認為用錯的地方。就是花大筆 經費在健康的後端---治病的部份,而不是投資在前端,也就是預防的部份。
隨著老年人口增加,再繼續投資後端,未來怎能撐下去實在是一大隱憂。
在這方面,與台灣同樣是人口快速老化的國家芬蘭,走了不一樣的路。把大量經費投資在預 防,發展出一套嘉惠所有民眾的公共運動俱樂部制度落實健康促進政策。
以老年為例,人人人都可獲得專業的運動處方,並有多樣的選擇從事運動,使得老人非常強 壯,活得安全快樂又減少別人的負擔。不但老人健康,
還帶動大學生存及運動產業發展。芬蘭中部城市佑華斯克拉(Jyv?skyl?),因為 實施這套健康促進計畫,可能已經是全歐洲強壯老人最多的城市。
接下來我們一起來看這個世界頂尖的例子,看他們的政府怎樣把錢花的更有眼光,怎樣與大 學怎樣一起合作,怎樣讓許多年近八十歲的老人也可以倒立翻觔斗,
活出不一樣的老年。
6-1 活躍老化 來自: pts
6-2樂在施予
在芬蘭中部四位老先生,年紀最大的都快要八十了,冰天雪地扛著厚重樂器,為的是到許多 地方義務演奏,帶給別人祝福。芬蘭正全面為老人建造這樣的機會,
要讓更多老人覺得,老年歲月,可以總是比想像的更有意義。他們是芬蘭退伍軍人,也許不 再強壯如昔,但找尋自己還可做的事,組成樂團。這天下午,連趕四場。
首先是一個教會餐會的老歌分享。老人不只服務老朋友,也服務小朋友,這裡有位朋友的三 歲孫女生日會,並不因為她小而覺得不算什麼。
這樣一代代長大的孩子對社會和對人的感受,以後對生活的看法可能怎樣,可想而知。
芬蘭和台灣一樣是人口老化快速的國家,因宗教背景,民間推廣服務文化不宜餘力,在老化 社會也成為生命力的來源。在鄉村,一個午後,許多老人聚集。
這種聚會在芬蘭很普遍,目的是彼此激勵,一起幫助國外需要關心的人。
在地方,由老人中心與中小學合作,讓老人發揮所長而學生也能幫助老人。這種合作不是為 了合作而合作向教育局社會局交差,也不是象徵性的聊備一格。
而是非常系統長期在各種正規課程中進行。互動可行性與樂趣遠大於預期。這些新作為幾乎 沒有多花什麼錢,但已經為一個高齡社會帶來不可限量的盼望。
把晚年大部分心思用去關心別人,讓芬蘭人老了,不管有錢沒錢,一樣生活打開眼界,感覺 到和周圍的人不論認識還是不認識,都有良好,相互信任的關係,讓生活有安全感,
也很充實。過去在台灣談討老人健康,多半聚焦在身體有沒有生理方面的疾病,例如糖尿病 高血壓之類,我們相當程度忽視心理健康。
其實老人離開職場以後,多數人感到生活無聊寂寞,其中還有些進一步就會開始懷疑繼續活 下去的價值。這些是老人生活圈不亞於高血壓糖尿病的問題,應該同步重視。
剛才從樂在施予的芬蘭文化中,我們看到願意幫助別人的傳統,讓芬蘭老人活著多一天都多 一分價值,不但讓老人充實快樂,也為下一代做了最好的棒樣。
也很重要的是,剛才的例子還可看到,這樣充實的生活和一個人有沒有很多錢,實在沒有必 然的關係,你我都可以生活在價值和盼望當中。
這部份和稍早一則健康促進計畫相比,就比較不是靠政府達成,還看我們自己的生活抉擇。
6-2 樂在施予 來自: pts
6-3 活出價值
台灣已經有兩百三十萬老人,影響的家庭人數更是不計其數。在上次我們介紹的芬蘭老人故 事,主要是讓還健康的老人及早預防失智失能。
今天我們要介紹為失能失智老人設計的照養機構以及如何培養高品質的照顧者。首先來看照 養機構的設計。談到機構設計,在台灣的慣性思維,不外乎以硬體為先,
希望看來豪華,然後讓多數老人望之興嘆,因為根本住不起。可是老人最需要的是這些嗎? 沒有很多錢註定要過悲慘的晚年,被機構照顧者只當賺錢機器嗎?
在人生最後階段平均生活兩年半的地方要怎麼讓人覺得活得快樂有尊嚴,能做真正的自己呢 ?讓我們從國家政策、機構制度與執行面來了解。
6-3 活出價值 來自: pts
6-4 助燃者
這裡是一個叫做VIVAMO的機構,是芬蘭老人學習活動開發的發源地,已經快要四十年 了。這天正進行老人靈性關懷的領導人才培訓。這是近年老人照顧領域很重視的議題。
這裡很看重運用老的生命經驗設人年輕時計活動。過去外界對芬蘭中小學教育世界頂尖比較 有印象,其實老人教材也非常精密嚴謹。芬蘭人很愛閱讀,即使對失智者也考慮到。
這是vivamo的負責人與老人公寓負責人一起開發,為失智老人讀的書,。要讓老人開 朗,得先讓老人工作者開朗。所以老師一上課先來一段。這些活動其實都是對老人身心
健康最好的預防與治療此外,年輕時積在心裡的不愉快經驗也要有吐露的機會。這個為退伍 軍人設計的聚會就有這樣的目的。把因戰爭或個人際遇造成痛苦經驗傾訴出來。
這對老人圓滿的老化非常重要。還有年輕時做過傷害別人而有罪惡感的事,也要面對,加上 鼓勵安慰,才能重新確認自己和別人是有著一樣價值的人。
有機構、有人才,加上經驗的累積,成全今日的芬蘭老人照顧品質。這又再次看到,高齡社 會的因應成敗,關鍵實在不只靠錢,也要靠想法與作法,
恐怕最深層的是,到底對人的看法是什麼。
6-4 助燃者 來自: pts
6-5 獨立自主
來到芬蘭西部小鎮尼西亞,社區健康中心居家服務護士到老人家裡訪視。這裡的社福政策認 為,維持人最大限度獨立自主生活到老是核心目標。配套措施就是把經費不要
優先用來發現金討好選民,而是投資在促進獨立自主的基礎建設,而且確保執行品質。因此 ,對慢性病老人,不等人來醫院,就定時主動列名單到府訪視做基本健康監測。
訓練嚴格,使得護士在沒有主管看到的地方,一樣落實規定。先自我消毒,該有的動作很徹 底,一樣不少。這種檢測當天下午就會打電話給老人報告檢測結果,並提出用藥
和保健的建議。精確的定期訪視和評估系統,讓老人盡量保有在喜歡熟悉的地方終老。居服 人員深深把握促進獨立自主的原則與老人互動。還有更老的,則由政府發展出
小單位住宅,這還是和去住長照機構的氣氛很不一樣,保有較多獨立自主的感受。住的是九 十幾歲的人,但絕不把他們當老糊塗。配屬綠色衣服的清潔人員,
一天七小時在這裡,包括清潔服務、讀報紙等等,紅色衣服的護士一天數次到府服務,包括 管控醫藥和臨時的服務。
同步進行的是,廣設終身學習課程,裝備壽命越來越長的老人跟上時代的基本能力。除了成 人教育中心,廣設長青學苑,地點不一定只在學校或社區,還有安養中心。
而且課程除了怡情養性。還定期請各頂尖大學的學者報告最新的科技與社會研究,讓老人跟 上時代尖端,而且做到大家聽得下去。
芬蘭人口雖然只有台灣的五分之一,絕大多數人都有生產能力和相互幫助的社會風氣。台灣 人口也快速老化,讓更多中老年人都有機會站起來,不再是別人的負擔。
這個國家也可以變得不一樣。
6-5 獨立自主 來自: pts
6-6 弱者強國
在芬蘭中部,媽媽帶著兩位小孩要搭火車,坐很久,又要照顧兩位小朋友,恐怕要累壞了。 好在芬蘭的長程火車,每班都有這種兒童樂園車廂。媽媽不只省力還省錢。
這種車廂從車門進來就看到是為兒童預備的。垃圾桶配合兒童高度,每個座位後有漫畫,有 圖書區、玩偶和溜滑梯。還有可以親子同樂的各種設施。兒童車廂還有家庭式包廂,
仔細看也是環狀設計,再次顯現希望增進人與人的關係。一家搭車,十二歲以下小孩免票。 要講手機有專門空間,以免強迫別人痛苦的聽他人的家務事。可能唯一的麻煩是,
既然要減輕父母壓力怎麼把車廂設在樓上呢?據說因為調查顯示,小朋友希望要有好的視野 。火車除了兒童車廂,殘障廁所當然也不會忘記,車廂雖有空間限制,
但還是設計得很寬敞,還有設計得想看不到都很難的對講按鈕,一切按著使用需求設計。芬 蘭重視人人價值平等,中央政府的政務委員還有專責就業平等議題的。
從不同角度控管社會必須真平等。從芬蘭經驗來看,其實追求弱視者的平等遠不只無障礙空 間而已。還可讓他們得到更多歡樂,和你我一樣探索享受世界的美好。
有人說看一個國家是不是真正的強國,還看它如何對待弱者,由此來看,芬蘭,正是弱者的 強國。
6-6 弱者強國 來自: pts
2008年10月1日 星期三
Marit Larsen - If a Song Could Get Me You (2008)
I could try you with a waltz
I could try you rock and roll
I could try you with the blues
If a song would do
I could sing it high or low
When I let you go you know
I thought it was for the best
Now it is so obvious
So here it is, here it goes
I could try rock and roll
I would change your life forever too
If a song could get me you
I could make it high or low
Sing it on the radio
If that is what I need to do
If a song could get me you
I could run for miles and miles
I'd take off and I'd start flying
I could cross land and sea
If you just believe me
I should not have hurt you so
This old house is not a home
Without you here, there's no use
I've got no time left to lose
So here it is, here it goes
I could try rock and roll
I would change your life forever too
If a song could get me you
I could make it high or low
Sing it on the radio
If that is what I need to do
If a song could get me you
If a song could get me through
I'd sing my way, right back to you
Tell me how, to make it right
Tell me now, I'll start tonight
I know I could make it last
I swear to you that if I knew
What I was getting myself into
I wouldn't answer to my fears
I'd never leave you standing there
Just look at me
If you'd only see me
I would prove my love for you
I could swallow half the moon
Just tell me where, tell me when
I will have you back again
So here it is, here it goes
I could try rock and roll
I would change your life forever too
If a song could get me you
I could make it high or low
Sing it on the radio
If that is what I need to do
If a song could get me you
So here it is, here it goes
I could try rock and roll
I would change your life forever too
If a song could get me you
I could make it high or low
Sing it on the radio
If that is what I need to do
If a song could get me you
greengrocer
(Live Train)
(Live Nydalen)
Note
The Tunnel of Light 在地鐵站設置的互動公共藝術
2003年,在挪威的Nydalen地鐵站裡,一個名叫” The Tunnel of Light”的互動裝置藝術落成了。這個tunnel裡的牆壁及天花板設置了感應器、喇叭,和紅綠藍色光。當旅客經過時,動態的燈光和聲音因感應而觸發,成就了特殊的聲光饗宴及城市記憶。是一個有趣的公共藝術 / 互動裝置案例。
2008年9月30日 星期二
Marit Larsen - Don't Save Me
You say, we must move forward
And I say, let's not go back
Once we were brave explorers
But this trail is a worn-out track
Don't chase that setting sun
Look what we've become
[Chorus]
Don't save me, I'll save you the hassle
Our little castle is a house of cards
It's empty, heartache is pending
This is us ending
You say, you were just kidding
And I say, this is no joke
We've grown and we're not fitting
We've flamed out to a wisp of smoke
Don't turn the truth around
It reads the same way upside-down
[Chorus]
So don't save me
Don't you dare
Little by little, sneaking upon
Till it's too much to ignore
Let's leave in the middle, before it dead ends
I've been down this road
Don't you dare leave me here
I'll go looking elsewhere!
[Chorus 2x]
So don't save me
Don't you dare
Marit Larsen - Solid Ground
Cannot fall, never do regret
Know just what is being said
Know the risk you take
Keep your head above it all
Sure you can fall
But not now you gotta prove
Something new, being you, being you
Can't feel, keep from asking why
Be the strongest at goodbyes
Know your place in life
Now expand your wings and fly
It reaches high but not,
Enough you seem to me
So incomplete, swept off your feet
And let me tell you they will always pull you down
Before you know it they will take your smile and push you around
They will fight and struggle
To blur and trouble
Your sense of solid ground
Cannot know, lose your self-control
Be and angel over all
Know your secret way
Laugh at everything they say
Will you remain the same?
And now you dare not see
What's letting go
Inside of me,is it me?
And they will always pull you down
Before you know it they will take your smile and push you around
They will fight and struggle
To blur and trouble
Your sense of solid ground
Keep your head above it all, sure you can fall
But not now you gotta prove
And they will always pull you down
Before you know it they will take your smile and push you around
They will haunt your every dream
They will make you come undone at the seams
And they will fight and struggle
To blur and trouble
Your sense of solid ground?
Keep your head above it all
Sure you can fall
But not now you gotta prove
Something new, being you, being you
Marit Larsen - Only a fool
So you say I need to consider this
Yours were the face that I couldn't resist
Yours was the fuel to the flames in my heart
Mine were the words that would tear us apart
Well I say I found the letters you wrote
Mine was the smile and the life that you broke
Mine was the story that you told your friends
Yours were the demons you couldn't defend
Understand me, as of lately I've learned a thing or two
There is just no way that I'll be coming home to you
[Chorus]
'Cause only a fool would do this again
Only a fool would let you back in
There is no you left to embrace
There is no word would make it feel safe
Love was a gift, stubborn and wild
I was armed with the faith of a child
And you were my joy, you were my friend
There is no going back there again
[Chorus 2]
It's more than you can ask of me my love
I'm coming out of nowhere
It feels good here better than you know
Isn't it only fair that you try and let it go?
Yours was the ring that I started to wear
Yours were the vows that went up in the air
Yours was the choice to stay away from her
Mine was the dream that got lost in the stir
These were the times I would call you my own
These were the times I were waiting at home
I'll tell you something, I've been changing after what you put me through
There is just no way that I'll be coming home to you
[Chorus]
'Cause only a fool would do this again
Only a fool would let you back in
There is no you left to embrace
There is no word would make it feel safe
[Chorus 2]
Let it go
Let it go
I said "only a fool"
"Only a fool"
Marit Larsen - Under The Surface
埋藏心底
It's such a funny sensation to be----------------------------這是如此奇妙的感受
So happy that you wanna die-----------------------------------企盼你的深情相許
Promises always were crazy to me -------------------承諾對我來說 永遠都是瘋狂的
But never was I so surprised -----------------------然而 這一切 我都不感到意外
Minutes are longer when we are apart------------------當你不在身邊 時間變得漫長
Your presence's more than I can handle-----------有你出現的時刻 我已早已失去控制
It's come to the point where I wonder if I
Could ever be luckier when----------------------------不知我是否 可以如此的幸運
[Chorus]
Suddenly I'm back at the core--------------------------------突然間 我回到原點
Thinking of her who had you before-----------------------想著曾經和你在一起的她
Were you as good
As good as we are-------------------------------那時的你 也像我們現在這樣快樂嗎
Do you remember?--------------------------------------------你還惦記著她嗎?
Did you love her the way you love me?-----------你是否也曾用 愛我的方式 去愛著她
Is there a chance that there might be ---------------------你和她過去的點點滴滴
Traces of her that you carry under the surface?---------還埋藏在你的心底深處嗎?
Lend me your ears, I would like to confess-------------耳朵靠過來 我要向你告白
I'm doubting that you can be real----------------------對於你的坦承 我十分懷疑
By your side wearing a beautiful dress ----------------在你的身旁 我只為你美麗
I celebrate how good it feels------------------------------我珍惜片刻的美好時光
Say that you love me, say that it's true-------------說你愛我 告訴我這是真實的
I know that I want to believe you--------------------------------我想要相信你
But somehow silence speaks louder than words------------然而 沉默確征服了言語
I'm worried she's still on your mind-----------我依舊掛念著的是 她還依然住在你心裡
[Chorus]
Mmm... I know that I'm selfish---------------------------------我知道我很自私
I know that it's bad-------------------------------------------我知道這樣不好
I know, but it's driving me mad------------------------------但我就是無法克制
It's driving me mad--------------------------------------------無法克制這一切
[Chorus]
Under the surface---------------------------------------------------埋藏心底
Under the surface---------------------------------------------------埋藏心底
GAMET45
¤ø„¸¨°º¤ø„¸¸„ø¤º°¨¸„ø¤º°
¨°º¤ø„¸ Marit is the ¸„ø¤º°¨
¸„ø¤º°¨ ~~~Best!!~~~``°º¤ø„¸
¸„ø¤º°¨¸„ø¤º°¨¨°º¤ø„¸¨°º¤ø„
n_n科技化...
It's such a funny sensation to be----------------------------這是如此奇妙的感受
So happy that you wanna die-----------------------------------企盼你的深情相許
Promises always were crazy to me -------------------承諾對我來說 永遠都是瘋狂的
But never was I so surprised -----------------------然而 這一切 我都不感到意外
Minutes are longer when we are apart------------------當你不在身邊 時間變得漫長
Your presence's more than I can handle-----------有你出現的時刻 我已早已失去控制
It's come to the point where I wonder if I
Could ever be luckier when----------------------------不知我是否 可以如此的幸運
[Chorus]
Suddenly I'm back at the core--------------------------------突然間 我回到原點
Thinking of her who had you before-----------------------想著曾經和你在一起的她
Were you as good
As good as we are-------------------------------那時的你 也像我們現在這樣快樂嗎
Do you remember?--------------------------------------------你還惦記著她嗎?
Did you love her the way you love me?-----------你是否也曾用 愛我的方式 去愛著她
Is there a chance that there might be ---------------------你和她過去的點點滴滴
Traces of her that you carry under the surface?---------還埋藏在你的心底深處嗎?
Lend me your ears, I would like to confess-------------耳朵靠過來 我要向你告白
I'm doubting that you can be real----------------------對於你的坦承 我十分懷疑
By your side wearing a beautiful dress ----------------在你的身旁 我只為你美麗
I celebrate how good it feels------------------------------我珍惜片刻的美好時光
Say that you love me, say that it's true-------------說你愛我 告訴我這是真實的
I know that I want to believe you--------------------------------我想要相信你
But somehow silence speaks louder than words------------然而 沉默確征服了言語
I'm worried she's still on your mind-----------我依舊掛念著的是 她還依然住在你心裡
[Chorus]
Mmm... I know that I'm selfish---------------------------------我知道我很自私
I know that it's bad-------------------------------------------我知道這樣不好
I know, but it's driving me mad------------------------------但我就是無法克制
It's driving me mad--------------------------------------------無法克制這一切
[Chorus]
Under the surface---------------------------------------------------埋藏心底
Under the surface---------------------------------------------------埋藏心底
GAMET45
¤ø„¸¨°º¤ø„¸¸„ø¤º°¨¸„ø¤º°
¨°º¤ø„¸ Marit is the ¸„ø¤º°¨
¸„ø¤º°¨ ~~~Best!!~~~``°º¤ø„¸
¸„ø¤º°¨¸„ø¤º°¨¨°º¤ø„¸¨°º¤ø„
n_n科技化...
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